Hicri Takvime g\u00f6re 3 Safer veya 1 Receb 57 (16 Aral\u0131k 676 veya 10 May\u0131s 677) tarihinde Medine\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Babas\u0131 Kerbel\u00e2 Vak\u2018as\u0131\u2019ndan sa\u011f kurtulan Ali b. H\u00fcseyin Zeynel\u00e2bid\u00een, annesi F\u00e2t\u0131ma bint Hasan\u2019d\u0131r. Baba taraf\u0131ndan Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019in, anne taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Hasan\u2019\u0131n torunudur. B\u00e2k\u0131r lakab\u0131, \u201cb\u00e2k\u0131r\u00fc\u2019l-ilm\u201d tamlamas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fekli olarak \u201cilmi yar\u0131p derinliklerine ula\u015fan, geni\u015f ilim sahibi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Zaman zaman \u015e\u00e2kir, Em\u00een, H\u00e2d\u00ee ve \u015eeb\u00eeh lakaplar\u0131yla da an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonuncu lakap onun Hz. Peygamber\u2019e benzemesinden dolay\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. 4 ya\u015f\u0131nda Kerbel\u00e2 Vak\u2018as\u0131\u2019na (10 Muharrem 61 \/ 10 Ekim 680) \u015fahit olan \u0130mam Muhammed, C\u00e2bir b. Abdullah taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Muhammed\u2019e benzerli\u011fiyle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Medine\u2019de ge\u00e7iren \u0130mam Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r babas\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde faydaland\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca C\u00e2bir b. Abdullah, Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed el-Hudr\u00ee gibi sah\u00e2b\u00eelerle Sa\u00eed b. M\u00fcseyyeb ve Muhammed b. Hanefiyye\u2019den hadis nakletti\u011fi gibi ba\u015fta b\u00fcy\u00fck dedesi Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib olmak \u00fczere ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer ashaptan gelen baz\u0131 hadisleri de rivayet etti.
\nHicri takvime g\u00f6re 94\u2019te (712-13) veya bir y\u0131l sonra babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine im\u00e2met g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenen Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, ilm\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi yan\u0131nda Emev\u00eeler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbnet politikas\u0131n\u0131 izledi; y\u00f6netimle m\u00fccadele etme hususundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi dolayl\u0131 olarak da destek vermedi. Bu sebeple karde\u015fi Zeyd b. Ali\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zaman zaman onu uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u0130mam Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, Basra fakihlerinden Kat\u00e2de b. Di\u00e2me, K\u0101d\u00ee \u00d6mer b. Zer, Mu\u2018tezile ileri gelenlerinden Amr b. Ubeyd, N\u00e2fi\u2018 b. Ezrak ve o\u011flu Abdullah, T\u00e2v\u00fbs el-Yem\u00e2n\u00ee, Muhammed b. M\u00fcnkedir ve Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe gibi isimlerle m\u00fcnazaralarda bulundu. Ayr\u0131ca \u015ei\u00ee kaynaklar\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe ile tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda onu m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl durumda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilmektedir. Bu arada Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019\u0131n halife Hi\u015f\u00e2m taraf\u0131ndan \u015eam\u2019a \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burada \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fcnazaralara kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. \u015eam\u2019da Hi\u015f\u00e2m ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya u\u011frayan, hapsedilen veya k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda Medine\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, daha \u00f6nce Medine\u2019de \u00d6mer b. Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde ondan iyi muamele g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve Fedek hurmal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ali neslinin m\u00fclkiyetine intikal ettirilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nMuhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r 114 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Zilhicce ay\u0131nda (Ocak-\u015eubat 733) Medine\u2019de vefat etti ve Bak\u012b\u2018 Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na defnedildi. Baz\u0131 rivayetlerde \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi 1-4 y\u0131l sonra g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u0130mam Muhammed el-Bak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n 7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131r. S\u00fcnn\u00ee ve \u015ei\u00ee kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e2lim oldu\u011fu konusunda ittifak etti\u011fi Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019dan ba\u015fta o\u011flu Ca\u2018fer es-S\u00e2d\u0131k, At\u00e2 b. Eb\u00fb Reb\u00e2h, Amr b. D\u00een\u00e2r, Eb\u00fb \u0130shak es-Seb\u00ee\u00ee, \u0130bn \u015eih\u00e2b ez-Z\u00fchr\u00ee, Yahy\u00e2 b. Eb\u00fb Kes\u00eer, Reb\u00eeat\u00fcrre\u2019y, Leys b. Eb\u00fb S\u00fcleym, \u0130bn C\u00fcreyc, A\u2018me\u015f, Evz\u00e2\u00ee, Meym\u00fbn el-Kadd\u00e2h gibi \u015fahsiyetler rivayette bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130bn \u0130shak\u2019\u0131n s\u00eere rivayetleri hususundaki \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olan ve Kerbel\u00e2 hadisesiyle ilgili baz\u0131 nakilleri Taber\u00ee\u2019de yer alan Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, Medine\u2019deki ilk f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limlerinden biridir. S\u00fcnn\u00ee hadis kaynaklar\u0131nda az say\u0131da rivayetlerine yer verilen B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019dan gelen hadisler daha \u00e7ok s\u00fbf\u00ee \u00e7evrelerce ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n\u015ei\u00ee rivayetlerinde Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, \u015ei\u00ee din\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee \u00f6\u011fretilerin ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve daha sonra o\u011flu Ca\u2018fer\u2019le birlikte \u0130m\u00e2miyye \u015e\u00eeas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu olarak g\u00f6sterilir. \u0130m\u00e2metin Hz. Peygamber\u2019den Ali\u2019ye, ondan di\u011fer imamlara nasla intikali, her imam\u0131n kendisinden sonraki imam\u0131 tayin etmesi, b\u00fct\u00fcn imamlar\u0131n F\u00e2t\u0131ma neslinden gelece\u011fi, imamlar\u0131n \u00f6zel bir ilme ve mutlak otoriteye sahip bulunduklar\u0131, imam\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla m\u00e2nev\u00ee ilginin kesilip tak\u0131yyeye m\u00fcsaade edilmesi gibi hususlar Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019a dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Onun \u00f6\u011fretileri do\u011frultusunda geli\u015fen \u0130m\u00e2m\u00ee telakkinin ictihada de\u011fil, nakle \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, \u00e7e\u015fitli kel\u00e2m meselelerinde m\u00fcstakil d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip olan ve bu konularda kendisiyle tart\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011frencilerinden Z\u00fcr\u00e2re b. A\u2018yen\u2019e m\u00fcminle k\u00e2fir aras\u0131nda orta bir yer bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.
\nKarde\u015fi Zeyd ile samimi ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bilinen Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r onu Emev\u00eeler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istedi\u011fi, haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 iyi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir isyan hareketinin fayda vermeyece\u011fi yolunda ikaz etmi\u015ftir. Bu arada \u00f6\u011frencilerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Eb\u00fc\u2019l-C\u00e2r\u00fbd\u2019un Zeydiyye\u2019ye intikal etti\u011fi ve hocas\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ilk Zeyd\u00ee toplumu i\u00e7inde yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple daha sonraki Zeyd\u00ee m\u00fcelliflerince imam kabul edilmemesine ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilm\u00ee otorite olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir.
\nKaynaklar, Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019\u0131 Medine\u2019deki ilim \u00e7evresinde muhafazak\u00e2r, g\u00fcvenilir bir r\u00e2vi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Rivayete g\u00f6re Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r, Ehl-i beyt i\u00e7inde g\u00fcnah\u0131 \u015firk kabul eden, rec\u2018ata inanan kimselerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130mam Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019\u0131 m\u00e2sum imam olarak kabul eden \u015e\u00eea onun bilgilerinin tamamen il\u00e2h\u00ee kayna\u011fa dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, karde\u015fi Zeyd b. Ali\u2019nin Emev\u00eeler\u2019le m\u00fccadelesi esnas\u0131nda \u00f6lece\u011fi ve Eb\u00fb Ca\u2018fer el-Mans\u00fbr\u2019un Abb\u00e2s\u00ee halifesi olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik hadiseleri haber verdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n dilinden anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00f6rleri iyile\u015ftirme gibi mu\u2018cizeleri bulundu\u011funu bildirilmi\u015ftir.
\nMuhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r\u2019\u0131n din\u00ee konulardaki beyanlar\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencilerinin teliflerinde yer alm\u0131\u015fsa da ona nisbet edilen en \u00f6nemli eser Tefs\u00eeru Ebi\u2019l-C\u00e2r\u00fbd ad\u0131yla bilinir. Kendisinin bir \u00f6\u011frencisine yazd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ondan da Eb\u00fb Bas\u00eer\u2019in rivayet etti\u011fi eserin muhtevas\u0131, k\u0131smen Ali b. \u0130br\u00e2him b. H\u00e2\u015fim el-Kumm\u00ee\u2019nin tefsirine dercedilmi\u015f olarak muhafaza edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hicri Takvime g\u00f6re 3 Safer veya 1 Receb 57 (16 Aral\u0131k 676 veya 10 May\u0131s 677) tarihinde Medine\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Babas\u0131 Kerbel\u00e2 Vak\u2018as\u0131\u2019ndan sa\u011f kurtulan Ali b. H\u00fcseyin Zeynel\u00e2bid\u00een, annesi F\u00e2t\u0131ma bint Hasan\u2019d\u0131r. Baba taraf\u0131ndan Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019in, anne taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Hasan\u2019\u0131n torunudur. B\u00e2k\u0131r lakab\u0131, \u201cb\u00e2k\u0131r\u00fc\u2019l-ilm\u201d tamlamas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fekli olarak \u201cilmi yar\u0131p derinliklerine ula\u015fan, geni\u015f ilim sahibi\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[34],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-2342","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","doc_category-alevilikte-oenemli-sahsiyetler"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-10","word_count":1079,"total_views":"3135","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"1","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"redaktion","author_nicename":"redaktion","author_url":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/author\/redaktion\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Alevilikte \u00d6nemli \u015eahsiyetler","term_url":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/themen-kategorie\/alevilikte-oenemli-sahsiyetler\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/2342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/2342\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=2342"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=2342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}