Kerbel\u00e2 Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 km. g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Kerbel\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihindeki \u00f6nemi, \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin ve beraberindeki aile fertlerinin 10 Muharrem 61 (10 Ekim 680) tarihinde, Yezit\u2019in g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi Emev\u00ee Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehid edildikleri yer olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Kerbel\u00e2 \u015fehitlerinin kabirleri de burada bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin kabrinin oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan Necef\u2019ten sonra ikinci kutsal mekand\u0131r. Kerbel\u00e2 isminin Akkadca \u201csivri k\u00fcl\u00e2h\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki karballatu kelimesinin Orta \u0130br\u00e2n\u00eece ve \u00c2r\u00e2m\u00eece\u2019de ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbal\u00e2 \u015feklinden, Arap\u00e7a \u201cB\u00e2bil \u00e7evresi\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131na gelen K\u00fcver B\u00e2bil\u2019den ve yine Arap\u00e7a \u201cayaklar\u0131n yumu\u015fak zemine batmas\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki kerbele k\u00f6k\u00fcnden geldi\u011fi yolunda baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse de kesin bir sonuca var\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 12 (634) y\u0131l\u0131nda H\u00e2lid b. Vel\u00eed\u2019in H\u00eere\u2019nin fethinden sonra ordusuyla Kerbel\u00e2\u2019ya indi\u011fi ve burada birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Hz. Ali\u2019nin de Enb\u00e2r yahut S\u0131ff\u00een\u2019den K\u00fbfe\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde buraya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beraberinde bulunanlar\u0131n susuzluktan endi\u015fe ettikleri, ancak bir kuyu bulup su i\u00e7tikleri rivayet edilir. Bu bilgiler Kerbel\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesinde kurulmu\u015f bir belde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.
\n\u0130mam H\u00fcseyin ile beraberindeki yetmi\u015f kadar muharibin \u015fehid edilmelerinden ve Emev\u00ee ordusunun onun kesik ba\u015f\u0131yla esir al\u0131nan haremi mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u015fehid cesetleri, Ben\u00ee Esed mensubu G\u0101diriye k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan H\u00e2ir denilen yerde topra\u011fa verildi. \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ise Halife I. Yez\u00eed\u2019e sunulduktan sonra nereye g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu hususta \u00e7e\u015fitli rivayetler bulunmakta ve en kuvvetli ihtimalin Medine\u2019de Bak\u012b Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in ba\u015fs\u0131z cesedinin g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc H\u00e2ir mevkii k\u0131sa zamanda bir ziyaretg\u00e2h halini alm\u0131\u015f, onun bir s\u00fcre D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta tutulan ailesi fertleri de Medine\u2019ye d\u00f6nmek \u00fczere serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda buray\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015flerdir. Zeynel\u00e2bid\u00een, Muhammed el-B\u00e2k\u0131r ve Ca\u2018fer es-S\u00e2d\u0131k\u2019tan gelen rivayetler \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in kabrini ziyaret etmenin me\u015fruiyet ve faziletine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve ziyaretlerin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAbb\u00e2s\u00eeler\u2019in ilk devirlerinden itibaren Hz. H\u00fcseyin\u2019in t\u00fcrbesine \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmesine, hatta giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere Halife Mehd\u00ee-Bill\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n annesi \u00dcmm\u00fc M\u00fbs\u00e2 bint Mans\u00fbr taraf\u0131ndan bir vak\u0131f kurulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen M\u00fctevekkil-Alellah, 236 (850-51) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015e\u00eea\u2019ya olan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle t\u00fcrbeyi ve \u00e7evresindeki binalar\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131rarak araziyi tarla haline getirdi; ayr\u0131ca ziyarete gelenlerin en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 il\u00e2n etti. Ancak M\u00fctevekkil\u2019in koydu\u011fu bu yasa\u011f\u0131n pek etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir s\u00fcre sonra t\u00fcrbe ile di\u011fer binalar\u0131n tekrar yap\u0131l\u0131p ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130bn Havkal\u2019in 366 (977) y\u0131l\u0131nda burada her yan\u0131nda birer giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 olan kubbeli geni\u015f bir t\u00fcrbe bulundu\u011fu ve pek \u00e7ok insan taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edildi\u011fi \u015feklindeki kayd\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u00fcttemr\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli kabilelerin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en Dabbe b. Muhammed el-Esed\u00ee, 369\u2019da (979-80) di\u011fer atebelerle birlikte buray\u0131 da tahrip ederek t\u00fcrbede bulunan k\u0131ymetli e\u015fyay\u0131 ya\u011fmalay\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6le d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Olay\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan B\u00fcveyh\u00ee Sultan\u0131 Adud\u00fcddevle gereken tamirat\u0131 yapt\u0131rd\u0131; daha sonra yine B\u00fcveyh\u00eeler\u2019den Sult\u00e2n\u00fcddevle\u2019nin veziri Hasan b. Fazl er-R\u00e2mh\u00fcrm\u00fcz\u00ee 413\u2019te (1022) t\u00fcrbenin etraf\u0131n\u0131 bir duvarla \u00e7evirtti. \u0130lhanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 G\u0101z\u00e2n Han, Kerbel\u00e2 ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcrbeye \u00e7ok miktarda hediye b\u0131rakt\u0131 (703\/1303). Rivayete g\u00f6re, Kerbel\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak maksad\u0131yla F\u0131rat nehrinden a\u00e7\u0131lan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde H\u00fcseyniye ad\u0131yla bilinen kanal \u0130lhanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 G\u0101z\u00e2n Han yahut babas\u0131 Argun Han taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilmi\u015ftir. 727 (1327) y\u0131l\u0131nda buraya gelen \u0130bn Batt\u00fbta \u015fehrin hurmal\u0131klar i\u00e7inde, Me\u015fhed-i H\u00fcseyin\u2019in de \u015fehrin tam ortas\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu, yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medrese ile ziyaret\u00e7ilerin bar\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir z\u00e2viyenin mevcut oldu\u011funu ve su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n F\u0131rat nehrinden kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kerbel\u00e2\u2019ya u\u011frayan Hamdullah el-M\u00fcstevf\u00ee de \u015fehrin \u00e7evresinin 2400 ad\u0131m oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.
\nTimur 795 (1393) y\u0131l\u0131nda ordusuyla Ba\u011fdat\u2019a geldi\u011finde Hille\u2019ye ka\u00e7an Ahmed Cel\u00e2yir ile Kerbel\u00e2 ovas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Kesin netice elde edilemeyen bu sava\u015ftan sonra F\u0131rat kenar\u0131na \u00e7ekilen Timur ve askerleri me\u015fhede sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. Bu tarihten sekiz y\u0131l sonra Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal edip katliam yapan Timurlular Kerbel\u00e2\u2019ya dokunmad\u0131lar. \u015eah \u0130sm\u00e2il\u2019in 914\u2019te (1508) Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesinin ard\u0131ndan Kerbel\u00e2\u2019ya gitti\u011fi ve t\u00fcrbenin tezyinini emretti\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca on iki adet alt\u0131n kandil koydurdu\u011fu, 932 (1526) y\u0131l\u0131nda II. \u0130sm\u00e2il\u2019in buraya gelip kabrin \u00fczerine g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015febeke yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Kerbel\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015f (941\/1534) ve H\u00fcseyniye su kanal\u0131n\u0131 onartarak kumla dolan sahalar\u0131n tekrar bah\u00e7e haline getirilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. III. Murad da zaman i\u00e7inde harap olan t\u00fcrbeyi 991\u2019de (1583) yeniden yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n \u0130ran y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mesinin ard\u0131ndan 1156 (1743) y\u0131l\u0131nda N\u00e2dir \u015eah Kerbel\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015f, \u015eah H\u00fcseyin\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Rad\u0131yye Sultan Beg\u00fcm t\u00fcrbenin giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak maksad\u0131yla bir vak\u0131f kurmu\u015f, \u00c2g\u0101 Muhammed Han da kubbe ile minare k\u00fcl\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131nla kaplatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1801 y\u0131l\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Vehh\u00e2b\u00eeler Kerbel\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 ya\u011fmalay\u0131p 3000\u2019in \u00fczerinde \u015ei\u00ee\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler; bu arada \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in sandukas\u0131n\u0131 tahrip ederek t\u00fcrbedeki k\u0131ymetli e\u015fya ve hediyeleri al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 1857\u2019de Ba\u011fdat Valisi \u00d6mer Pa\u015fa zaman\u0131nda telgraf \u015febekesi kurulurken Kerbel\u00e2 bu hatta ba\u011fland\u0131. Midhat Pa\u015fa da Ba\u011fdat valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda burada imar faaliyetlerinde bulunmu\u015f ve baz\u0131 resm\u00ee binalar yapt\u0131r\u0131rken \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda 50.000 civar\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusuyla Irak\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan sonra ikinci \u00f6nemli \u015fehri olan Kerbel\u00e2, \u00f6zellikle ziyaret\u00e7ilerin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelirler, t\u00fcrbenin vak\u0131flar\u0131, Necef ve Mekke yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunmas\u0131 gibi etkenler sebebiyle b\u00f6lgenin en zengin ve m\u00e2mur \u015fehriydi. Ayr\u0131ca Ba\u011fdat-Basra demiryoluna Hille\u2019nin kuzeyinden ba\u011flanan t\u00e2li bir hat Kerbel\u00e2\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 daha da kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 5034 km2 geni\u015fli\u011findeki 455.868 (1987) n\u00fcfuslu bir idar\u00ee birimin (muhafaza) merkezi olan Kerbel\u00e2 \u015fehri, eski Kerbel\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geli\u015fen yeni mahallelerden olu\u015fmu\u015f modern bir yerle\u015fme merkezidir; 300.000 civar\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu \u0130ran, Pakistan ve Hindistan\u2019dan gelip buraya yerle\u015fen \u015ei\u00eeler\u2019le Arap as\u0131ll\u0131 \u015ei\u00eeler te\u015fkil etmektedir.
\n\u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in t\u00fcrbesi, etraf\u0131 eyvanlar ve h\u00fccrelerle \u00e7evrilmi\u015f 108 \u00d7 82,5 m. boyutlar\u0131nda bir avlunun i\u00e7indedir. \u0130ki taraf\u0131nda iki minare bulunan ve \u00e7ok g\u00f6steri\u015fli olan k\u0131ble cephesindeki giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131ndan yald\u0131z s\u00fcslemeli bir dehlizle ula\u015f\u0131lan dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015feklindeki harem, ziyaret\u00e7ilerin tavaf\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00fczeri kemerli bir koridorla \u00e7evrilidir. Buran\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 4 m. geni\u015fli\u011finde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u015febeke ile \u00e7evrili \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in sandukas\u0131 ile ayak ucunda o\u011flu Ali el-Ekber\u2019in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sandukas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrbenin do\u011fusunda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir minare ve g\u00fcneyinde avluya biti\u015fik, i\u00e7inde bir de mescid olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medrese vard\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 m. kadar kuzeydo\u011fuda ise \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in \u00fcvey karde\u015fi Abbas\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcrbesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eehirden bat\u0131 istikametinde giden yol \u00fczerinde de kafilenin \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 temsilen \u00e7ad\u0131r \u015feklinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Haymeg\u00e2h denilen bir bina g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. \u00c7evrede, \u015e\u00eea aras\u0131nda \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin\u2019in t\u00fcrbesi civar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak kabul edildi\u011finden, son g\u00fcnlerini burada ge\u00e7iren \u00e7ok say\u0131da ya\u015fl\u0131 ve sakatla uzak yerlerde \u00f6len ve mal\u00ee durumlar\u0131 buraya nakledilmeye uygun olan ki\u015filerin g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mezarl\u0131k te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kerbel\u00e2 Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 km. g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Kerbel\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihindeki \u00f6nemi, \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin ve beraberindeki aile fertlerinin 10 Muharrem 61 (10 Ekim 680) tarihinde, Yezit\u2019in g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi Emev\u00ee Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehid edildikleri yer olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Kerbel\u00e2 \u015fehitlerinin kabirleri de burada bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mam Ali\u2019nin kabrinin oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan Necef\u2019ten sonra ikinci kutsal mekand\u0131r. Kerbel\u00e2 isminin Akkadca \u201csivri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[37],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-2371","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","doc_category-kutsal-mekanlar"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-10","word_count":1477,"total_views":"3097","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"redaktion","author_nicename":"redaktion","author_url":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/author\/redaktion\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Kutsal Mekanlar","term_url":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/themen-kategorie\/kutsal-mekanlar\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/2371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2371"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/2371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2372,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/2371\/revisions\/2372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=2371"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=2371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}