Babas\u0131 Peygamber\u2019in amcas\u0131 Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib, annesi ise F\u00e2t\u0131ma bint Esed b. H\u00e2\u015fim\u2019dir. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib\u2019in en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011fludur. Miladi 600 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mekke\u2019de Kabenin i\u00e7inde do\u011fdu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r. Mekke\u2019de ba\u015f g\u00f6steren k\u0131tl\u0131k \u00fczerine Hz. Peygamber amcas\u0131 Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib\u2019in y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek i\u00e7in onu himayesine alm\u0131\u015f, Hz. Ali be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren hicrete kadar onun yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hz. Muhammed\u2019in peygamberli\u011fine ilk iman edenlerdendir. Bu s\u0131rada ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n dokuz, on veya on bir oldu\u011fu rivayet edilir. Hz. Ali\u2019nin hicretten \u00f6nceki hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kaynaklarda fazla bilgi yoktur. Ancak hayat\u0131, menk\u0131bev\u00ee ve efsanev\u00ee rivayetlerle \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc \u015ei\u00ee kaynaklarda do\u011fumundan itibaren en ince teferruat\u0131na kadar ve zengin kerametlerle dolu olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mekke m\u00fc\u015friklerinin eza ve cefalar\u0131n\u0131 gittik\u00e7e art\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve hatta kendisini \u00f6ld\u00fcrme haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na giri\u015fmeleri \u00fczerine Medine\u2019ye hicret etmeye karar veren Hz. Peygamber, Hz. Ali\u2019yi, kendisini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye gelecek m\u00fc\u015frikleri oyalamak ve yoklu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemek maksad\u0131yla Mekke\u2019de b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O da geceyi Peygamber\u2019in yata\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irerek onun evde oldu\u011fu kanaatini uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra da Hz. Peygamber\u2019in kendisine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 emanetleri sahiplerine iade edip yine onun emri uyar\u0131nca Peygamberin k\u0131z\u0131 F\u00e2t\u0131ma, kendi annesi F\u00e2t\u0131ma ve yan\u0131ndakilerle Mekke\u2019den ayr\u0131larak Hz. Peygamber\u2019e yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Hicretin be\u015finci ay\u0131nda muhacirler ile ensar aras\u0131nda yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve dayan\u0131\u015fma sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurulan\u00a0mu\u00e2h\u00e2t\u00a0s\u0131ras\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber Ali\u2019yi kendisine karde\u015f olarak se\u00e7mi\u015f, hicretin 2. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son ay\u0131nda da onu k\u0131z\u0131 F\u00e2t\u0131ma ile evlendirmi\u015ftir. Bu evlilikten Hasan, H\u00fcseyin ve \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fan Muhsin adl\u0131 erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile Zeyneb ve \u00dcmm\u00fc K\u00fcls\u00fbm adl\u0131 k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Hz. Ali Hz. F\u00e2t\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fka evlilik yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Ali, Bedir, Uhud, Hendek ve Hayber ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn gazve ve seriyyelere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu sava\u015flarda peygamberin sancaktarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonralar\u0131 menk\u0131bev\u00ee bir \u00fcsl\u00fbpla rivayet edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck kahramanl\u0131klar g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Uhud\u2019da ve Huneyn\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinden yara almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Hz. Peygamber\u2019i b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle korumu\u015f, Hayber\u2019de a\u011f\u0131r bir demir kap\u0131y\u0131 kalkan olarak kullanm\u0131\u015f ve bu seferin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Fedek\u2019te, Ben\u00ee Sa\u2018d\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6nderilen seriyyeyi (6\/628) ve Yemen\u2019e yap\u0131lan seferi (10\/632) sevk ve idare etmi\u015ftir. Teb\u00fck Gazvesi\u2019nde ise Hz. Peygamber\u2019in vekili olarak Medine\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ali, Hz. Peygamber\u2019e k\u00e2tiplik ve vahiy k\u00e2tipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f, Hudeybiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 da o yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evs, Hazrec ve Tay kabilelerinin tapt\u0131klar\u0131 putlarla Mekke\u2019nin fethinden sonra K\u00e2be\u2019deki putlar\u0131 imha etme g\u00f6revi ona verilmi\u015ftir. Hz. Peygamber vefat etti\u011finde cenazenin y\u0131kanmas\u0131 ve benzeri hizmetleri, vasiyeti \u00fczerine Hz. Ali ile Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131ndan Abbas, o\u011fullar\u0131 Fazl ve Kusem ile \u00dcs\u00e2me b. Zeyd yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Ben\u00ee S\u00e2ide avlusunda toplanan ensar ve muh\u00e2cir\u00een Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i halifeli\u011fe se\u00e7ince Ali ona, Hz. F\u00e2t\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131 ay sonra vuku bulan vefat\u0131na kadar biat etmemi\u015ftir. Hz. Ali\u2019nin hil\u00e2fet makam\u0131nda g\u00f6z\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu, yahut Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hil\u00e2fete se\u00e7ilmesini bir oldubitti \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirmesi, S\u00fcnniler ile \u015ei\u00eeler aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Ali ilk \u00fc\u00e7 halife d\u00f6neminde ne bir idar\u00ee g\u00f6revde bulunmu\u015f ne de yap\u0131lan sava\u015flara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece Halife \u00d6mer\u2019in Filistin ve Suriye seyahati s\u0131ras\u0131nda Medine\u2019de asker\u00ee vali olarak kalm\u0131\u015f, Medine\u2019de ikamet edip din\u00ee ilimlerle u\u011fra\u015fmay\u0131 di\u011fer g\u00f6revlere tercih etmi\u015ftir. Kur\u2019an ve hadis konusundaki derin ilminden dolay\u0131 hem Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hem de \u00d6mer\u2019in \u00f6zellikle f\u0131kh\u00ee meselelerde fikrine m\u00fcracaat ettikleri bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in Mekke\u2019den Medine\u2019ye hicret etti\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihi i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kabul edilmesine dair teklif de onun taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci halife \u00d6mer\u2019in 23 (644) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e2zatl\u0131 bir k\u00f6le taraf\u0131ndan han\u00e7erlenmesi \u00fczerine, vefat etmeden \u00f6nce halife se\u00e7imi i\u015fini havale etti\u011fi \u015f\u00fbran\u0131n bir \u00fcyesi de Ali\u2019dir. O, bu \u015f\u00fbra taraf\u0131ndan halifeli\u011fe getirilen Osman zaman\u0131nda cereyan eden baz\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klarla ona kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen hareketleri desteklememekle beraber, ba\u015fta Talha b. Ubeydullah ve Z\u00fcbeyr b. Avv\u00e2m olmak \u00fczere bir k\u0131s\u0131m ashapla birlikte zaman zaman \u00e7e\u015fitli tenkitlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Halifeyi baz\u0131 icraat\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u015fer\u2018\u00ee cezalar\u0131n tatbik edilmemesi sebebiyle Kur\u2019an ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019ten uzakla\u015fmakla su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Ali\u2019nin tenkit etti\u011fi konular aras\u0131nda, \u015eam Valisi Mu\u00e2viye b. Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfy\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n icraat\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ktan tenkit etti\u011fi i\u00e7in Eb\u00fb Zer el-G\u0131f\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019yi Rebeze\u2019ye s\u00fcrmesi gibi hususlar say\u0131labilir. Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib bu son vak\u2018a \u00fczerine Osman\u2019a a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve hatta halifeye ra\u011fmen Eb\u00fb Zer\u2019i o\u011fullar\u0131yla birlikte Medine\u2019den u\u011furlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osman \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce \u00dcmeyye soyuna mensup olanlar Medine\u2019den s\u00fcratle uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece \u015fehir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Abdullah b. \u00d6mer, Sa\u2018d b. Eb\u00fb Vakk\u0101s, Mug\u012bre b. \u015eu\u2018be, Muhammed b. Mesleme ve \u00dcs\u00e2me b. Zeyd\u2019in de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu ashap mescidde toplanarak yeni halife se\u00e7imine gitmi\u015flerdir. Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib kendisine yap\u0131lan hil\u00e2fet teklifini orada bulunan Talha ve Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019e y\u00f6neltmi\u015f, fakat \u0131srar \u00fczerine biat\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. Bu biat\u0131n tarihi hakk\u0131nda kaynaklarda farkl\u0131 rivayetler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131na g\u00f6re (Taber\u00ee, I, 3066) biat Osman\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn (18 Zilhicce \/ 17 Haziran), bir k\u0131sm\u0131na g\u00f6re ise (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer,\u00a0el-K\u00e2mil<\/em>, III, 192) be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u015eam valisi ve Osman\u2019\u0131n ye\u011feni Mu\u00e2viye, kendisini biata davet i\u00e7in gelen el\u00e7iye, Ali\u2019nin isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ederek red cevab\u0131 vermi\u015f ve Osman\u2019\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 dava edece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Hz. Ali, \u00f6nceleri Osman\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 muhalefeti desteklerken \u015fimdi kendisini halife olarak tan\u0131mak istemeyen \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019yi, ayr\u0131ca d\u00f6rt ay sonra \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019nin saflar\u0131na kat\u0131lan Talha ve Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019i itaate davet i\u00e7in acele kuvvet toplamak ve Basra \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerini cezaland\u0131rmay\u0131 samimi olarak isteyen, ancak uygun \u015fartlar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan halifeye kar\u015f\u0131 Mu\u00e2viye\u2019nin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu menfi tutumun, ayr\u0131ca Mekke\u2019de bulunan Emev\u00ee ailesi mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alan baz\u0131 sah\u00e2b\u00eelerin bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sebeplerini izah edebilmek, mevcut bilgilerle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir.<\/p>\n \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019nin \u00f6nderli\u011findeki ordu ile hil\u00e2fet ordusu Basra \u00f6nlerinde Hureybe mevkiinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 (15 Cem\u00e2ziyel\u00e2hir 36 \/ 9 Aral\u0131k 656). Tarihte Cemel Vak\u2018as\u0131 ad\u0131yla me\u015fhur olan sava\u015f sonunda Hz. Ali galip geldi, Talha ve Z\u00fcbeyr de dahil olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6ld\u00fc. Cemel sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Ali, Mu\u00e2viye\u2019yi tekrar kendisine biat etmeye davet etti. Ancak Muaviye biat etmemekte \u0131srarl\u0131yd\u0131. Ali taraftarlar\u0131yla Muaviye taraftarlar\u0131 S\u0131ff\u00een\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldiler (Zilhicce 36 \/ Haziran 657). Ali, \u00fcnl\u00fc kumandan\u0131 M\u00e2lik el-E\u015fter vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Mu\u00e2viye ordusuna son ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc darbeyi indirmek \u00fczere iken, Mu\u00e2viye sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan ka\u00e7maya karar verdi (M\u00fcberred, s. 1232; Taber\u00ee, I, 3330), fakat Amr b. \u00c2s, Muaviye\u2019nin imdad\u0131na yeti\u015ferek, Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131n\u0131n hakemli\u011fine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 tavsiyesinde bulundu. Bunun \u00fczerine Mu\u00e2viye b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eam mushaf\u0131n\u0131 be\u015f m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131n ucuna ba\u011flatarak ta\u015f\u0131tt\u0131, askerleri de yanlar\u0131nda bulunan mushaflar\u0131 m\u0131zraklar\u0131n\u0131n ucuna ba\u011flayarak, \u201cEy Irakl\u0131lar! Sava\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakal\u0131m; Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 aram\u0131zda hakem olsun!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu hareket Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib\u2019in ordusundaki\u00a0kurr\u00e2 grubu \u00fczerinde Amr\u2019\u0131n bekledi\u011fi etkiyi yaratt\u0131. Ali bunun bir hile oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de kimseye s\u00f6z dinletemedi ve kurr\u00e2 grubunun \u0131srar\u0131yla hakem karar\u0131na ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 teklifini kabul etti. Hz. Ali istemeyerek Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 el-E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee\u2019yi hakem tayin etti. Mu\u00e2viye de Amr b. \u00c2s\u2019\u0131 hakem se\u00e7ti. Taraflar S\u0131ff\u00een\u2019de, hakemlerin Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131, gerekti\u011finde de Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnneti ile h\u00fckmetmeleri \u015fart\u0131yla anla\u015ft\u0131lar (13 veya 17 Safer 37 \/ 31 Temmuz veya 4 A\u011fustos 657). Ancak 70.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc S\u0131ff\u00een Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonunda hakemlerin belirlenmesine ra\u011fmen halifenin ordusundaki Tem\u00eemliler\u2019den baz\u0131lar\u0131, \u201cL\u00e2 h\u00fckme ill\u00e2 lill\u00e2h\u201d slogan\u0131yla hakem olay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar; Hz. Ali\u2019nin hakem tayin etmek suretiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi hatadan t\u00f6vbe etmesini ve Kur\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in buyru\u011funa uyarak (el-Hucur\u00e2t 49\/9) isyanc\u0131larla Allah\u2019\u0131n emrine itaat edinceye kadar sava\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 istediler. Hz. Ali de Allah\u2019\u0131n bu emrini i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda kendilerine hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kendisini dinlemediklerini, \u015fimdi ise kar\u015f\u0131 tarafla bir anla\u015fmaya gidildi\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re (en-Nahl 16\/91) bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Bunun \u00fczerine, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Tem\u00eem kabilesine mensup yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 civar\u0131ndaki asker halife ile birlikte K\u00fbfe\u2019ye d\u00f6nmeyerek K\u00fbfe yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Har\u00fbr\u00e2\u2019ya \u00e7ekildiler. Halife Har\u00fbr\u00e2\u2019ya gidip onlarla konu\u015ftu, 6000 ki\u015filik bir grup kendisiyle beraber K\u00fbfe\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Geride kalanlar ise Nehrevan\u2019a giderek H\u00e2ric\u00eeler olarak an\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Bu arada hakemler ilk toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Ramazan 37 (\u015eubat 658) tarihinde Suriye-Irak yolu \u00fczerindeki D\u00fbmet\u00fclcendel\u2019de yapt\u0131lar ve Osman\u2019\u0131n icraat\u0131n\u0131n, katlini gerektirecek bir gayri me\u015fruluk ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haks\u0131z yere \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair ilk kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Esasen hakemler D\u00fbmet\u00fclcendel\u2019deki ilk toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra \u015e\u00e2ban 38\u2019de (Ocak 659) Ezruh\u2019ta bir araya geldiklerinde, Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib ile Mu\u00e2viye b. Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfy\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n her ikisinin de azledilerek halifenin bir \u015f\u00fbra taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesi karar\u0131na varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu karar \u00f6nce Hz. Ali\u2019nin hakemi Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131; s\u00f6z s\u0131ras\u0131 Mu\u00e2viye\u2019nin hakemi Amr b. \u00c2s\u2019a gelince o hil\u00e2fet makam\u0131na Mu\u00e2viye\u2019yi tayin etti\u011fini bildirdi. Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen durum de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f ve neticede hakem olay\u0131 hil\u00e2fet meselesini bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 da birtak\u0131m siyas\u00ee ve i\u00e7tima\u00ee huzursuzluklara s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015fti. Halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Hz. Ali\u2019yi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da Mu\u00e2viye\u2019yi halife olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131 sebebiyle de ikili bir iktidar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Ali hakem olay\u0131ndan sonra K\u00fbfe\u2019ye \u00e7ekilip Mu\u00e2viye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir sefer i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, fakat sava\u015fmaktan b\u0131km\u0131\u015f sebats\u0131z Irakl\u0131 askerlerden yeterli destek g\u00f6rememi\u015fti. Nihayet b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret sarfederek 40.000 ki\u015filik bir ordu te\u015fkil edebilmi\u015f ve sefere haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak K\u00fbfe\u2019de, intikam arzusu ile yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan H\u00e2ric\u00ee Abdurrahman b. M\u00fclcem taraf\u0131ndan zehirli bir han\u00e7erle sabah namaz\u0131nda yaralanm\u0131\u015f, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaran\u0131n tesiriyle iki g\u00fcn sonra 19 veya 21 Ramazan 40\u2019ta (26 veya 28 Ocak 661) vefat etmi\u015f ve K\u00fbfe\u2019ye (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Necef) defnedilmi\u015fti. Bu s\u0131rada Mu\u00e2viye Suriyeliler\u2019in tam deste\u011fini sa\u011flayarak ba\u015fta M\u0131s\u0131r olmak \u00fczere Hz. Ali\u2019nin h\u00e2kimiyetindeki bir\u00e7ok yeri ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve Emev\u00ee Devleti\u2019nin temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib ortaya yak\u0131n k\u0131sa boylu, koyu esmer tenli, iri siyah g\u00f6zl\u00fc olup sakal\u0131 s\u0131k ve geni\u015fti; y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fczeldi, g\u00fcl\u00fcmserken di\u015fleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kendisine Hz. Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan verilen \u201cEb\u00fb T\u00fcr\u00e2b\u201d lakab\u0131ndan ba\u015fka \u201cel-Murtaz\u00e2\u201d ve \u201cEsedull\u0101hi\u2019l-g\u0101lib\u201d gibi lakaplar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funda puta tapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daha sonralar\u0131 \u201cKerremallahu vecheh\u201d dua c\u00fcmlesiyle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihinde ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki ilim, takv\u00e2, ihl\u00e2s, samimiyet, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k, \u015fefkat, kahramanl\u0131k ve \u015fecaat gibi y\u00fcksek ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ve insan\u00ee vas\u0131flar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcstesna bir mevkie sahip bulundu\u011funu, Kur\u2019an ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019i en iyi bilenlerden biri oldu\u011funu hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn S\u00fcnn\u00ee ve \u015ei\u00ee kaynaklar ittifakla belirtirler. O ayn\u0131 zamanda tasavvuf d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in de vazge\u00e7ilmez bir isim olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u0130sl\u00e2m tasavvuf edebiyat\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde ayr\u0131 bir anlam ve \u00f6nemle ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O Kur\u2019an ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019e tam anlam\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131, d\u00fcnyev\u00ee i\u015flerden uzak kalmay\u0131 dileyen, \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinin Cemel, S\u0131ff\u00een, Nehrevan gibi talihsiz vak\u2018alar\u0131 sonunda g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcp muhaliflerinin iman ve hidayetleri i\u00e7in dua edecek kadar hassas, takv\u00e2 sahibi ve idealist bir ki\u015filiktir. Aleviler ve \u015ei\u00ee d\u00fcnyas\u0131, onun \u0130sl\u00e2m kamuoyunda benimsenmi\u015f olan \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra im\u00e2met vasf\u0131 ve hakk\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u0131srarla durur ve bu hususu Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019ten \u00e7ok say\u0131da delille destekler. Ali b. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib, bizzat Hz. Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan Allah\u2019\u0131n emriyle kendisinden sonra \u00fcmmetin ba\u015f\u0131na imam ve halife olarak tayin edilmi\u015ftir. Hz. Peygamber de n\u00fcb\u00fcvvetinin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere muhtelif vesile ve delillerle bu konuyu \u00fcmmetine bildirmi\u015f veya g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Babas\u0131 Peygamber\u2019in amcas\u0131 Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib, annesi ise F\u00e2t\u0131ma bint Esed b. H\u00e2\u015fim\u2019dir. Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib\u2019in en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011fludur. Miladi 600 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mekke\u2019de Kabenin i\u00e7inde do\u011fdu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r. Mekke\u2019de ba\u015f g\u00f6steren k\u0131tl\u0131k \u00fczerine Hz. Peygamber amcas\u0131 Eb\u00fb T\u00e2lib\u2019in y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek i\u00e7in onu himayesine alm\u0131\u015f, Hz. Ali be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren hicrete kadar onun yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hz. Muhammed\u2019in peygamberli\u011fine ilk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faq-tr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alevipedia.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}